Unravelling the Differences Between Compostable and Biodegradable

In an era of increasing environmental awareness, sustainable alternatives to everyday products are gaining momentum. Two terms that often pop up in discussions about eco-friendly options are “compostable” and “biodegradable.” While both concepts strive to reduce our carbon footprint, they possess distinct characteristics and impacts on the environment. In this blog, we’ll dive into the nuances that set compostable and biodegradable apart, helping you understand the differences between the two!

1. Defining Compostable and Biodegradable:

• Compostable: When a product is labeled as compostable, it means that it can be broken down into natural elements through composting processes. Composting involves creating a controlled environment that encourages the breakdown of organic matter into nutrient-rich soil. Compostable items contribute to this process, turning into valuable compost that enriches soil health.
• Biodegradable: Biodegradability refers to the ability of a material to break down over time due to the action of naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and enzymes. Unlike compostable items, biodegradable materials may not necessarily transform into usable compost and can degrade under various environmental conditions.

2. Timeframe of Breakdown:

• Compostable: Compostable products usually break down relatively quickly, often within a few months to a year, under the right composting conditions. They require specific composting environments to facilitate their breakdown properly.
• Biodegradable: The timeframe for biodegradation varies widely based on the material and the environment. Some biodegradable items can break down in a matter of months, while others might take years.

3. Environmental Impact:

• Compostable: Composting offers a closed-loop system where compostable items return nutrients to the soil, supporting plant growth. However, improper disposal, such as sending compostable items to a landfill, can lead to limited decomposition and methane gas release.
• Biodegradable: While biodegradable materials can eventually break down, the process might release methane in anaerobic environments like landfills. Additionally, some biodegradable items might leave behind microplastics or other residues during breakdown.

4. Certifications and Standards:

• Compostable: Compostable products are typically certified according to specific standards, such as the ASTM D6400 or EN 13432, ensuring they meet specific criteria for breakdown and eco-friendliness.
• Biodegradable: Biodegradability lacks a consistent global certification standard, leading to confusion and “greenwashing” where products are marketed as environmentally friendly without meeting defined criteria.

5. Usage and Considerations:

• • Compostable: Compostable items are best suited for environments with access to industrial composting facilities. Home composting might not provide the optimal conditions for complete breakdown.

• • Biodegradable: Biodegradable products are more versatile in their breakdown environments, making them potentially suitable for various disposal methods. However, their impact can be less predictable.

While both compostable and biodegradable options aim to reduce our ecological footprint, understanding their differences is crucial to making responsible choices. Compostable products align well with composting systems, contributing to nutrient-rich soil, while biodegradable materials might not always yield the same level of environmental benefit. As consumers, it’s essential to be discerning, look for credible certifications, and consider disposal methods when opting for eco-friendly alternatives. By making informed decisions, we can all contribute to a more sustainable planet.